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Disarmament, Demobilization, and
Reintegration of Ex-combatants
Description:
Disarmament, demobilization, and reintegration encompasses the process by
which former combatants are inserted into society, often in post-conflict
situations. DDR strategies are often implemented in concert with economic
development programs, security sector transformation, the integration of
refugees and internally displaced persons, and reconciliation.
Basic Sources:
● International Peace Academy: Framework
for Lasting Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration of Former
Combatants in Crisis Situations.
● United Nations:
Demobilization and Reintegration of Combatants in a Post-Conflict Period.
In Depth Research:
Adibe, Clement. Disarmament
and Conflict Resolution Project-Managing Arms in Peace Processes: Somalia.
New York and Geneva: United Nations, 1995.
Bonn International Center for Conversion, Conversion
Survey 1996; Global Disarmament, Demilitarization and Demobilization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Carafano, J. (1997, Nov/Dec). Swords
into plowshares: Postconflict arms management. Military Review.
Colletta, Nat J., Markus Kostner and Ingo Wiederhofer. 1996a. The
Transition from War to Peace in Sub-Saharan Africa. Directions in
Development Series. Washington D.C.: World Bank.
de Watteville, Nathalie, “Addressing
Gender Issues in Demobilization and Reintegration Programs: Addressing
Gender Issues, ” Findings, no. 227, The World Bank, May 2003.
Faltas, Sami and Di Charro
III, Joseph (editors). Managing
the Remnants of War. Bonn International Centre for
Conversion / Nomos
Verlagsgesellschaft: Baden-Baden, 2001.
German Technical Cooperation
(GTZ). Model
for Demobilisation and Reintegration Programmes. September
1996.
NEW! Gleichmann,
Colin, Michael Odenwald, Kees Steenken, Adrian Wilkinson. “Disarmament,
Demobilization and Reintegration: A Practical Field and Classroom Guide” Cruckerei
Hassmuler Graphische Betriebe GmbH & Co. KG: Frankfurt 2004.
Hagman, Lotta and Zoe Nielson. “A
Framework for Lasting Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration of
Former Combatants in Crisis Situations.” International Peace Academy Workshop Report 12-13
December 2002. (See Basic
Sources)
International Alert. “Gender
Considerations for Disarmament, Conflict Transformation and the
Establishment of Human Security”, London: International Alert, 2001.
International Crisis Group. Disarmament
and Reintegration In Afghanistan. Asia Report, Kabul/Brussels. 30
September 2003.
International Organization for Migration. Demobilized
Former Combatants Return and Reintegration. 2003.
IOM News, East
Timor.
“IOM helps Falintil fighters return to home communities,” March
2001
Japanese Ministry of Foreign
Affairs. G8
Conflict Prevention: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration.
Report from the G8 Kananaskis Summit in Canada, 2002.
Kingma, Kees. “Demobilization
and Reintegration of Ex-combatants in Post-War and Transition Countries.”
German Technical Cooperation (GTZ). Eschborn, Germany: Universum Verlagsanstalt, 2001.
Marcaillou,
Agnès. “Gender
perspectives on D, D and R,” United Nations Department for
Disarmament Affairs, “Gender Perspectives on Disarmament,
Demobilization and Reintegration”, Organized by UNIFEM, United
Nations, New
York,
9 March 2004.
Marwa, Peter. A
Presentation on Practical Disarmament, Developing Capacity for Peace, and Small
Arms Control in the Horn of Africa. Bonn International Center for Conversion, 10
July 2001.
Mendiburo, Marcos and Sarah Meek. Disarmament and Conflict
Resolution Project- Managing Arms in Peace Process: Haiti. New York and Geneva: United Nations, 1996.
Rana, Swadesh. Small Arms and Intra-State Conflicts. United
Nations Institute for Disarmament Research (UNIDIR) Research Paper, no. 34.
New
York:
United Nations, 1995.
Sedra, Mark interviewed by Ann-Marie Michel. The Disarmament
Trap. Radio Netherlands, 7 July 2003.
SIPRI Yearbook 2001: Armaments, Disarmaments and International
Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
Stockholm International Peace Research Institute. (SIPRI). SIPRI Yearbook 2002:
Armaments, Disarmaments and International Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.
Synovitz, Ron. “Afghanistan:
UN to Launch Long-Delayed Disarmament Program.” Radio Free
Europe/Radio Liberty. 20 October 2003.
United Nations. 2000a.”The Role of United Nations Peacekeeping in
Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration.” Report of the
Secretary-General to the Security Council. S/2000/101.11 February
United Nations. 2000d. “Harnessing
Institutional Capacities in Support of the Demobilization and Reintegration
of Former Combatants” Paper of ECHA Working Group on Disarmament,
Demobilization, and Reintegration. New York: UN Executive Committee on Humanitarian
Affairs.
NEW! United
Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM). “Getting it Right, Doing it Right:
Gender and Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration” October
2004.
Wang, Jianwei. Disarmament and Conflict Resolution
Project-Managing Arms in Peace Processes: Cambodia. New
York and Geneva:
United Nations, 1996.
Wilkinson, Adrian. “The
Concept of Micro-disarmament Programmes in Post-conflict
environments.” Thesis Paper: University
of Kent, 2002.
Working Group for Weapons Reduction. (2002, Mar). NGO Report on
the 2001 Cambodian Demobilization Program: Observations and
Recommendations.
World Bank Cambodia
Office. “Cambodia
Demobilization and Reintegration Project.” News Release No.
2003/0704/WBOPP.
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